Week 2 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 Assignment - Essay Example At the hour of going into the agreement, I gave him $100, which was to fill in as the thought. There was a lawful goal to the agreement since my companion legitimately claimed the furnishings. At long last, we set the terms for the two of us and marked the agreement recorded as a hard copy, making two duplicates that. I held one duplicate while my companion went with the other. The furniture should have been conveyed to my home fourteen days after the marking of the agreement and this expense was to be borne by the dealer. After conveyance, I was to pay everything in real money. Be that as it may, fourteen days after, my companion had still not conveyed the furnishings. I called him to ask why he had not complied with the terms we had conceded to. He answered that he was unable to convey the furniture since he had not discovered a spot to purchase new furniture to supplant what he was selling. This was not among the conditions we had placed in our agreement. Meanwhile, I had just sold my old furniture for $400 and I had pulled back $600 from my financial balance in preparation for installment. The agreement I had gone into was not effectively satisfied, which appears there was a penetrate in the provisions of the agreement. In this way, I found a way to sue my companion for harms in an official courtroom for penetrate. There were various cures accessible for penetrate of agreement. They included granting of harms, rescission of the agreement and explicit execution of the agreement. I was qualified for harms being the honest party most definitely. Harms for this situation should be ostensible since I caused no misfortune from the penetrate of agreement. In the event that I had endured any misfortune as far as financial worth, I would have equipped for significant harms that would have been resolved dependent on the remoteness of the misfortune. Rather than the impartial cures of directive and explicit harms are accessible as a right (Miller, 2012). Correctional harms would likewise host served to rebuff the get-together in penetrate

Computer technology and the networked organization (Case) Essay

PC innovation and the arranged association (Case) - Essay Example Topographical zone inclusion of the business strongly affects the decision of system determination. Besides, the PC organizing structure arrangement relies upon its physical topology (Bonaventure, 2011). In this paper, the spotlight has been rendered on the systems administration structure and the innovations appropriate for a medium estimated food store to maintain its business confronting least correspondence obstacles. The decision of system structure and its connection with the innovation utilized assumes an indispensable job to monitor the business progress, absent a lot of human intercession and bending. Conversation Networking Architecture In today’s world, PC organize framework isn't only an interconnected gadget. It is generally used to overcome any barrier between the two parts of the bargains channel, for example the communicator and the recipient. The decision of the system configuration relies upon the business structure and its fundamental aim. The system designs utilized by associations ordinarily incorporate shared or the customer/server structures (Bakardjieva, n.d.). The distributed system is utilized when there are under ten PCs associated with one another in a working environment to share the records, word archives, printers, and access to web inside a little land zone for example in an equivalent floor. It has no server; thus, the PCs interface with one another as a workgroup to share records (Bakardjieva, n.d.).

Law Order MIT Alum Unit

Law Order MIT Alum Unit Im often asked about MIT students going off to law school. For some reason, people dont seem to realize that you can come to MIT, major in anything (science, engineering, or even our well-regarded programs in political science and economics), and then go to law school. Actually, surveys show that 5-6% of MIT alums earn a J.D. Of my MIT friends who are lawyers, one is a Fellow at the Center for Internet and Society, another handles a significant caseload in New York Citys Family Court, and a third is an attorney for McGuireWoods, LLP. And I have two more friends entering law school this fall. So when I saw this article in Technology Review, I knew I had to blog it (if for no other reason but to poitn people here when answering questions). I think Judge Moores story is pretty inspiring, and I wish her all the best: Kimberly Moore 90, SM 91 Youngest Judge Appointed to U.S. Court of Appeals By Sharron Kahn Luttrell Technology Review, July/August 2007 Kimberly Pace Moore 90, SM 91 has racked up a number of firsts. Raised in Baltimore by a single mother who worked as a secretary and a waitress, Moore was the first in her family to attend college. On September 8, 2006, four months after President George W. Bush nominated her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, DC, she became the youngest person to join the federal judiciary. And in early March, Moore became the first sitting federal judge to give birth. The baby is a first in her own rightthe first daughter to Moore and her husband, Matthew Moore, a patent lawyer and partner at the law firm Howrey LLP. The Moores, who live in Falls Church, VA, also have three sons, ages six, four, and two. Moore, who planned to be a scientist or engineer when she enrolled at MIT, earned two degrees in electrical engineering. However, her direction changed after she took a class in patent law with MIT lecturer Robert Rines 42, an inventor and attorney. That sparked my interest in this blend of law and technology, she says. She pursued that interest by attending law school at Georgetown University, where Rines had earned his JD. After a year in private practice in Los Angeles and a stint clerking for Glenn L. Archer Jr., who was chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Moore began teaching intellectual-property law at several universities. While clerking, she also served as an expert consultant on patent cases and coauthored Patent Litigation and Strategy. Moore earned a reputation for her use of empirical data to explore and explain trends in patent litigation. Her years at MIT were good training. Its definitely a school that focuses on teaching you to be very analytical and to work hard, she says. Moore was a tenured professor at George Mason University School of Law when she learned of her nomination to the federal bench. I was humbled that President Bush chose me, she says. It is an incredible honor. We were all very surprised. Its the greatest job in the world. Im really enjoying it. Links: Pre-Law Advising MIT Pre-Law Advisors MIT Law Club

Learn About Sudan - Geography, History, and More

Located in northeastern Africa, Sudan is the largest country in Africa. It is also the tenth largest country in the world based on area. Sudan is bordered by nine different countries and it is located along the Red Sea. It has a long history of civil wars as well as political and social instability. Most recently, Sudan has been in the news because South Sudan seceded from Sudan on July 9, 2011. The elections for secession began on January 9, 2011 and the referendum to secede passed strongly. South Sudan seceded from Sudan because it is mostly Christian and it has been engaged in a civil war with the Muslim north for several decades. Fast Facts: Sudan Official Name: Republic of the SudanCapital: KhartoumPopulation: 43,120,843Â  (2018)Official Languages: Arabic, EnglishCurrency: Sudanese pound (SDG)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Hot and dry; arid desert; rainy season varies by region (April to November)Total Area: 718,720 square miles (1,861,484 square kilometers)Highest Point: Jabal Marrah at 9,981 feet (3,042 meters)Lowest Point: Red Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Sudan Sudan has a long history that begins with its being a collection of small kingdoms until Egypt conquered the area in the early 1800s. At this time, however, Egypt only controlled the northern portions, while the south was made up of independent tribes. In 1881, Muhammad ibn Abdalla, also known as Mahdi, began a crusade to unify western and central Sudan which created the Umma Party. In 1885, Mahdi led a revolt but he died soon after and in 1898, Egypt and Great Britain regained joint control of the area. In 1953, however, Great Britain and Egypt gave Sudan the powers of self-government and put it on a path to independence. On January 1, 1956, Sudan gained full independence. According to the United States Department of State, once it gained independence Sudans leaders began to renege on promises to create a federal system, which began a long period of civil war in the country between the northern and southern areas as the north has long tried to implement Muslim policies and customs. As a result of the long civil wars, Sudans economic and political progress has been slow and a large part of its population has been displaced to neighboring countries over the years. Throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Sudan underwent several changes in government and suffered from high levels of political instability along with the continuing civil war. Beginning in the early 2000s though, the government of Sudan and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) came up with several agreements that would give South Sudan more autonomy from the rest of the country and put it on a path to becoming independent. In July 2002, steps to end the civil war began with the Machakos Protocol and on November 19, 2004, the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A worked with the United Nations Security Council and signed a declaration for a peace agreement that would be enacted by the end of 2004. On January 9, 2005 the Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). Government of Sudan Based on the CPA, Sudans government today is called a Government of National Unity. This is a power sharing type of government that exists between the National Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLM/A. The NCP, however, carries most of the power. Sudan also has an executive branch of government with a president and a legislative branch made up of the bicameral National Legislature. This body consists of the Council of States and the National Assembly. Sudans judicial branch is made up of several different high courts. The country is also divided into 25 different states. Economics and Land Use in Sudan Recently, Sudans economy has begun to grow after many years of instability due to its civil war. There are a number of different industries in Sudan today and agriculture also plays a large role in its economy. The main industries of Sudan are oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, and automobile assembly. Its main agricultural products include cotton, peanuts, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, tapioca, mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame, and livestock. Geography and Climate of Sudan Sudan is a large country with a total land area of 967,500 square miles (2,505,813 sq km). Despite the countrys size, most of Sudans topography is relatively flat with a featureless plain, according to the CIA World Factbook. There are some high mountains in the far south and along the countrys northeast and western areas, however. Sudans highest point, Kinyeti at 10,456 feet (3,187 m), is located on its far southern border with Uganda. In the north, most of Sudans landscape is desert and desertification is a serious issue in nearby areas. The climate of Sudan varies with location. It is tropical in the south and arid in the north. Parts of Sudan also have a rainy season, which varies. Sudans capital Khartoum, which is located in the central part of the country where the White Nile and the Blue Nile rivers (both of which are tributaries of the Nile River) meet, has a hot, arid climate. The January average low for that city is 60 degrees (16ËšC) while the June average high is 106 degrees (41ËšC). Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Sudan.Infoplease.com. Sudan: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com.United States Department of State. Sudan.

Identifying my Personal Leadership Style Essay - 936 Words

PERSONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE Strengths Finder 2.0 Using the Strength Finders 2.0 Assessment, I was able to identify my personal strengths, which would identify my personal leadership skills. My strength assessment results where Harmony, Consistency, Empathy, Achiever, and Belief. This paper will identify each strength, how they relate to my leadership style and approach to leadership. The first strength identified is Harmony. Harmony is defined in the freedictionary.com as an agreement in a feeling or opinion (Dictionary, 2009). In Strength Finder 2.0 Harmony is describes as you look for areas of agreement, there is little to be gained by conflict and friction, so you seek to hold them at a minimum (Rath, Strengths Finders 2.0,†¦show more content†¦Consistency should be a big factor in nursing leadership, people should be evaluated on their work not by how they talk up to the boss. Another important factor of Consistency in the areas of leadership is when employees know what is expected of them they are able to be more productive. Consistency is a big strength in my leadership skills, I look at the work people do and how they treat others, then in how the suck up or show off. The third strength listed by Strengths Finder 2.0 is Empathy. Empathy is defined by thefreedictionary.com as the identification with and understanding of another’s feelings, and motives (Dictionary, 2009). Strengths Finder 2.0 describes Empathy: you can sense the emotions of those around you, you feel what they are feeling, you don’t necessarily agree with their perspective, and you don’t feel pity for the person’s perspective (Rath, Strengths Finder 2.0, 2007). Empathy is a good strength to have it makes you as an individual to be more open to what others are feeling, but with this their feelings can’t be a cause of conflict within the workplace. Empathy can be a good leadership skill to have especially in nursing being aware to what employees are feeling especially through a difficult time can help in how you approach the individual. For my personal leadership skills Empathy has helped me to identify when someone was having a difficult time and to help guideShow MoreRelatedPersonal Leadership : An Effective Leadership Style1644 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONAL LEADERSHIP PORTRAIT Developing an effective leadership style requires one to become aware of their strengths and weakness when operating in the role of a servant leader. Identifying personal preference can assist with better aligning expectations and goals that one would like to see demonstrated in those they lead. Taking on the role as a servant leader requires patience, understanding, and most importantly compassion for others. As a servant leader he or she should always considerRead MoreThe Importance Of A Co Creation Leadership878 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary steps to foster a co-creation environment. Co-Creation Leadership Culture In the leadership culture, the leader and subordinate must be responsive to the needs of the company. As noted in Figure 1, the channel of communication is a powerful tool for the synthesis of information, problem solving and innovation. According to Ramaswamy and Chopra (2014), a co-creation leadership culture can be created in six steps that entail identifying the key stakeholders, create an environment that reflectsRead MoreLeadership Development : A Strategic Approach820 Words   |  4 PagesFuture Leadership Development Consequently, leadership development requires that organizations take a strategic approach such as coaching, training programs, mentoring, and/or virtual learning. 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McTighe (2011) proposes that clinicians must take an inventory of self, knowledge about ones’ beliefs and values and be open to self-discovery as a mode to contribute to her identification as a therapist. Understanding one’s personal values as to not impose these on out client system is an important ethical standardRead MoreDemocratic Leadership in Nursing1707 Words   |  7 Pages(Rogers, 2012). Moreover, the several leadership styles that we have discussed in class can either complement or diminish the standards of practice. These styles include autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and participative. However, this paper will focus on the democratic style which I have identified as my own leadership style. Personal Leadership Style To begin, there are many personal characteristics that have led me to identify with the democratic leadership style. A democratic leader is one whoRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Identify And Explain Key1314 Words   |  6 Page sexplain key learning overview and action plan paper will summarize what you have learned in this course and provide a power and politics action plan that you can use immediately in your business. Furthermore, it is the intention to highlight leadership style, organization stability, culture, and diversity of the workforce as well as identify the need for communication within an organization. The individual factors contributing to the political behavior in organizations include; the political natureRead MorePersonal Interpretations and Observations of Leadership Theories1697 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of this paper, I will the address the four leadership theories consisting of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership, situational leadership, and ethical leadership. It is my intent to not only identify the components of the different leadership theories, but to apply personal observations to the four theories and how I have observed their defined interactions in the workplace. Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders are able to see the â€Å"bigger picture†Read MoreA Theory Of Leadership Effectiveness972 Words   |  4 PagesFred Fiedler introduces the world Fiedler’s Contingency Theory in his â€Å"A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness† in 1967. According to Leadership centra.com, Fiedler’s contingency theory is one of the contingency theories that states that effective leadership depends not only on the style of leading but on the control over a situation. Fred Fiedler believes there are two types of leader; the first type of leader is task-oriented leader. A task-oriented leader is concerted on completing the job and

The Lottery Short Story Analysis - 962 Words

Destructive Traditions Within The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, raises many questions in the back of a readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. The Lottery clearly expresses Jacksons feelings concerning mankinds evil nature hiding behind traditions and rituals. As her theme, she shows how coldness and lack of compassion in people can exhibit in situations regarding tradition and values. Jackson presents the theme of the short story with the use of symbols and setting. The setting of The Lottery supports the theme. Settings are constructed to help build the mood and foreshadow things to come. In the lottery, however, the setting ironically foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to†¦show more content†¦The introduction of the black box into the story changes the mood and atmosphere of the crowd of people. The reason being is the box is what holds the key between life and death for each and every one of them. The black box embodies all the evil acts executed in the past and the ones to come. Even the color of the box is a symbol for evil. The box is painted in black, which has always been a universal symbol for evil and death. Besides color, materials used to make the box reveal how long the tradition has been kept, with some pieces of the box that had preceded it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here (79). The villagers refused Mr. Summers request of making a new box but they were so stuck in the tradition that they did not want anything to upset it. Jackson shows in depth how callousness and cruelty can especially be revealed within old traditions. She explains through story how traditions arent always a noble event. At the time the story was placed, Im sure murder was a pretty big deal, and punishable by law. Of course, this is taking the moral of the story, and exploding it into the worse case scenario, losing a life. However, this theme shows true in many of the traditions we may partake in with our families. I have heard of some very weird traditions, such as drinking a cup of blood from the first deer aShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery†, a short story by Shirley Jackson reflects humans deepest nature on tradition. Jackson uses routines as a way of illustrating the festival like qualities of the annual lottery. The setting of vibrant colors in the short story conveys a peaceful tone.The characters are portrayed as loving and caring. The ideas of a festival lik e a lottery, a homey setting and, the peoples actions all help develop the bigger idea. The people and tradition Shirley Jackson in her short story the â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson begins with villagers gathering in the square, between the post office and the bank, to participate in the lottery which is not what it seems like because the story’s surprising ending reveals that Tessie Hutchinson, who draws the slip of paper with the black spot on it is stoned to death when the lottery ends. Shirley Jackson reveals through the use of irony, foreshadow, and symbolism in the story how much people can get caught up in maintainingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Unknown Citizen And The Short Story The Lottery 1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unexpected Truth The Poem Unknown Citizen and the short story The Lottery give examples how people can rebel and conform in different ways. The way these stories were written evokes a lot of emotions, from anger to confusion. In life there are two people in the world, ones who conform to every whim and those who will rebel to create a difference in their society or others. The Unknown Citizen, by W. H. Auden, is about a man who obeys the law and does what needs to done by a normal citizen.Read MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson974 Words   |  4 Pagesnature. b. Background In the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† the inhabitants of a village participate in a lottery, which is essentially a tradition for them. However, the villagers are oblivious to the true consequences and destructiveness of their death ritual. One June day each year, the lottery is conducted and the â€Å"winner† is violently stoned to death. The very same day, the villagers return home and carry on with their normal day-to-day functions. c. Thesis In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson manipulatesRead More Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesJackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraft or not, but it ended up helping her write her stories http://www.literarytraveler.com/literary_articles/shirley_jackson_bennington.aspx). A major story that throws people for a loop is â€Å"The Lottery†. This was Jackson’s first short story and many peopleRead MoreUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are als o used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even with our highRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short stories the authors manageRead MoreThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pagesin her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takes advantage of the peaceful environment and adds a convoluted twist through a misleading title and Old Man Warner and his traditions. The title, â€Å"The Lottery†, is viewed as a fortunate phenomenon at first, but once the reader apprehends the story line their viewpoint will never be the same. In the sentence of the short story, TessieRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winnerâ₠¬  was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrate

ERGONOMICS IN OFFICE AND CLERICAL ENVIRONMENTS Essay Example For Students

ERGONOMICS IN OFFICE AND CLERICAL ENVIRONMENTS Essay ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 200GROUP PROJECT WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTErgonomics is becoming one of the most important aspects of administrative management. Since the introduction of computers, offices are becoming more technologically based. Employees are spending greater amounts of time in the office and therefore must be comfortable to remain productive. Workers that feel stressed and do not like their work environments lose morale and spend more time away from the office than usual. Furniture, climate, training procedures, lighting and many more aspects are related to ergonomics in the office and clerical based environments. Keeling and Kallaus (1996;384) says that office furniture and equipment has traditionally been manufactured and used with a view of using efficient office space and cost saving. Although these factors are vital to work within the budget, managers fails to consider the ergonomics need of the employees. Sleeth (1996;10) defines ergonomics as a study of the office environment to allows employees to work productively. Ergonomically designed work environment that takes into consideration both psychological and physical needs increases job satisfaction and prevents injuries (Hess:1996;28). Troyer (1996;20) says that employers have become extremely concerned about potential discomforts associated with extended use of repetitive duty on computers and other office equipment. These discomforts can cause serious bodily injuries and force organisation to lose millions of dollars in loss hours of work, hospital cost and workers compensation claim. Organisation became aware of the high cost associated with injuries therefore ergonomic furniture and equipment became an important issue in the work place. Ergonomic furniture and equipment is an important issue that management should consider because it decreases the medical cost, insurance cost associated with injuries and also increases workers efficiency in the workplace (Allie;1996;20). Keeling and Kallaus (1996;384) says that in order to consider the ergonomic furniture and equipment for the office, the manager must firstly understand the type of work being performed and the ergonomics needs of the employees. Allie (1996) argues that it is also vital to educate employees about ergonomics, provide proper adjustable furniture and equipment. Managers should also understand employees needs and ways to help them work more safely. Troyer (1996;20) states that it is difficult to really determine which furniture and equipment will provide the ergonomic needs for the employees. The author suggests that when evaluating whether certain furniture and equipment can provide the necessary ergonomic need, it is important to find out how the manufacturer design their products. It is important to consider whether the manufacturers uses ergonomics expert, is the product adjustable, does the product provide comforts for the eyes, neck, wrist and back. It is also vital to find out how the manufacturer test the claims they make for their products and the manufactures reputation for making ergonomics product. When buying office furniture and equipment, the purchases that gets the most investigation and examination are usually the one that will last longer. Keeling and Kallaus (1996;386) suggests that when selecting office furniture the following must be taken into consideration, firstly, it should provide adequate safety and comforts to the employees. Secondly, it should be made of good quality materials, build strongly and provide ease for the work to be done. Thirdly the furniture should be adjustable and can be used for different purposes. Finally it should meet the preferences of all the employees who are going to use them. For example when the organisation is looking for chairs for its employees, the key factors management should consider is adjustability. Marston (1996;39) mentions that an ergonomic chairs should able to be adjusted up and down according to the desired height, should have lumbar and arms support, comfortable cushioning, provide backward or forward tilt and the adjustment can be easily made by anyone using the chairs. Beside providing ergonomically design furniture, a variety of office equipment are also required. Equipment such as photocopying, telephones, facsimile and computers. These office equipment facilitate the office task in less time and with greater accuracy (Keeling and Kallaus:1996;391). The guideline provided by Keeling and Kallaus for selecting office equipment, is firstly, the equipment should be made available to employees if it makes their job more efficient. For example in selecting between a typewriter and a computer, the computer will be more faster and efficient than the typewriter but the cost would be higher. In the long term the computer will save the organisation in hours of working time. Secondly, equipment should be considered when they are simple to operate, flexible to use in different situations, easy to move around and be able to adapt to existing office. Thirdly, the equipment that are less expensive and the availability of reliable maintenance service should be se lected in place of other equipment. Fourthly, the rates of accuracy that the equipment will provide must also be taken into consideration. Finally the things that the equipment can do and also its limitations also need to be considered. THE AIR ENVIRONMENTThe air environment refers to the total atmosphere created in the office by the principal air factors. They are temperature, humidity, circulation (ventilation) and cleanliness. It is used the term air-conditioned office literally. it is an office where the air has been carefully conditioned for human comfort, including the control of temperature, humidity and cleanliness. Workers consider the air environment, especially air circulation and the right temperature as very important to their jobs. It properly maintained air environment improves mental activity. boosts efficiency, increase productivity and decreases absenteeism. On the other hand, stale, dry and dusty air dulls the mind and reduces the output of work. Moreover, according to Labar, most indoor air problems involve the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to it was not designed and installed properly, is not being adequately maintained or is simply wearing out. According to a survey of 4300 workers in 47 buildings performed by Building Use Studies, 34 per cent of the workers described the air in their offices as uncomfortably dry, hot or stuffy, over 50 per cent reported symptoms such as lethargy, headaches or eye, nose or throat irritation while at work, and 25 per cent felt that the working condition reduced their productivity over 20 per cent. (Journal of General Management, 1992)TemperatureTemperature refers to the relative hotness or coolness of the air measured in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. If the temperature too hot or too cold in a office environment this can interfere with productivity thorough sickness of the worker. the American Society of Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineers suggest that the most comfortable and healthful temperature for work is below 70 F. With normal office activities, such as lighting, heat from computers, body temperature increase discomfort to the operators. A Broken Wing EssayIn the article Here Ye Hear Ye Noise Guidelines Needed, Walt Clawson offer ten guidelines for managing office noise:Examine the layout of the Workstation For example, position telephones in a way that there is no direct path between two workstations. This allows for quieter telephone conversations thus reducing office noise. Taller panels offer more privacy It also helps to manage office acoustics. Invest in a masking sound system These speakers generate a sound resembling moving air in order to reduce the high pitches in speech and provide more privacy. Examine the quality of the acoustical ceiling tiles in the space Tiles can absorb sound waves thus reducing noise. Blocking sound is paramount This is of greater importance than absorbing sound. Carpeting has little impact Carpet only absorbs little office sound, concentrate on the ceiling. If there is a way for sound to creep through, it will Make sure that all openings between rooms are sealed in order to prevent sound travelling too far. Panel construction can make a difference Find panels that are able to block noise efficiently. Dont clutter you panel The placement of notes on panels can greatly reduce the sound blocking qualities that make the office louder. Office workers need a bit of din Workers need some noise in order to be productive. This can be provided in the way of soft music. Ergonomics does not just involve computers, furniture and office equipment, it includes aspects such as employee age, time spent working with computers, training in ergonomics procedures and actual office design. Most valuable employees are relatively older than employees in training and as such are often overlooked. When designing an office, it is important to take into account the effects of aging and the increased care needed by such individuals. According to (Materials Handling Engineering, Jun 1996) stature begins to decline after thirty years of age and flexibility and strength are significantly reduced after the age of forty five years. Lower back pains and hand problems are the main symptoms of a poorly designed office. A typist spends most of the day using a keyboard and therefore will experience hand problems in their lifetime. Loss of hand function is the number one reason that a person enters a nursing home (Materials Handling Engineering, Jun 1996). Experts say that people that spend more than four hours at a keyboard each day are most likely to suffer from some kind of repetitive strain injury, (Managing Office Technology, Jul 1996). A natural straight posture during keying with the wrist laying horizontal is the best way to avoid such RSIs. The mouse has to be kept as close to the keyboard as possible and can be rotated to each side of the keyboard to minimise dominant hand overuse. The introduction of computers into the workplace has reduced the need to move constantly and often leads to a more sedentary employee. This in turn produces higher levels of discomfort and reduces worker productivity. Sun Microsystems has mostly eliminated this problem with a series of training programs and employee inclusion when selecting furniture and computer components. Such training programs increased ergonomic awareness and resulted in three times as many symptom reports, (HE Solutions, Jun 1996). This program has reduced injury rates, allowed for employee feedback, created a greater respect for management and generally increased employee productivity. Video display terminals are found in almost every office throughout the world and therefore must be examined when discussing ergonomics. Many older offices have considerably older computer desks that are dangerous for the eyes. The terminal is often placed too high and can result in eye strain and muscular complaints. Ideally the monitor should be placed 15 to 20 degrees above the horizontal line of sight and angled so the employees eyes are closer to the bottom of the screen than the top. The actual monitor should also be placed about 18 to 24 inches away from the user, (Electrical Apparatus, Nov 1996). Another cause of eye strain is the placement of reference material in conjunction to the computer terminal. Books and reports that are placed to the side force the employee to constantly turn their head and may result in stiffness of the back and neck muscles. One aspect often overlooked when using a computer is the position of the legs. If the legs are allowed to dangle, they can often fall asleep, which can lead to circulation problems in the future. Foot rests are a god way to resolve such a complaint. When designing a workstation, there are many aspects that must be considered if ergonomics is to be a contributing factor (HR Magazine, Aug 1996). Adjustable furniture is an absolute must to allow for the difference in employee stature. A light dimmer system helps to reduce glare and eye strain. Bright carpets are considered by most to be ergonomically correct. A well cleaned ventilation system that brings in a plentiful supply of oxygen to eliminate sick building syndrome. Flexible ergonomic chairs that insist on a correct posture to reduce back and neck complaints. All such systems are likely to improve employee morale and increase productivity levels. Sick days will undoubtedly decline and employee enthusiasm will begin to climb. It is for these reasons that we consider ergonomics to be an essential factor when examining office and clerical environments. REFERENCESKeeling B.L, Kallaus N.F 1996 Administrative Office Management 11th EdUSA South West PublishingSleeth J.E. 1996 Ergonomics can prevent injuries, Save money. Canadian Banker V103 Number 6 pp10. 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